Позитивний вплив глибокого внесення добрив на їх агрономічну ефективність та урожайність сої і соняшнику на чорноземі
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/acss94-01Ключові слова:
стрічкове внесення добрив; доступні елементи живлення; гідротермічні умови; хлорофіл; урожайністьАнотація
Метою статті було висвітлення результатів вивчення впливу збільшення глибини внесення стрічки мінеральних добрив на їх агротехнічну ефективність для культур, що відрізняються будовою кореневої системи. У польових дослідженнях, проведених на чорноземі опідзоленому протягом трьох років, визначали вміст мінерального азоту, доступних форм фосфору і калію у ґрунті, вміст хлорофілу у листі рослин та врожайність соняшнику і сої. Встановлено високу ефективність розміщення стрічки добрив (N60P60K60) для соняшнику, у вигляді тукосуміші аміачної селітри, амофосу та хлористого калію, на глибині 20–22 см, а для сої, у вигляді нітроамофоски, у дві смуги на глибині 10–12 і 20–22 см порівняно із звичайним способом внесення добрив однією стрічкою на глибині 10–12 см. Максимальний приріст урожаю становив 15 % для сої та 36 % для соняшнику. Визначено, що вміст хлорофілу у листі рослин може бути додатковим показником для оптимізації технології внесення добрив, оскільки має тісний позитивний зв’язок з урожайністю культур (Р<0,01, R = 0,76–0,95). Здобуті результати доводять необхідність індивідуального підходу до вибору оптимального розміщення стрічки удобрення під кожну культуру окремо. Загалом збільшення глибини закладання стрічки добрив рекомендується як захід адаптації агротехніки до нестабільного та недостатнього зволоження протягом вегетації.
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