Effective agronomic practices to optimize humus content and quality in soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/acss97-05Keywords:
humus; organic matter; irrigation; fertilizer system; absorption spectra; typical chernozem.Abstract
The results of the study of quantitative and qualitative changes in organic matter (humus) of typical chernozem (Haplic
Chernozem) irrigated with suitable water under different fertilization systems in vegetable-forage crop rotation within the
framework of a field experiment are presented. The content of soil organic carbon is one of the main descriptors of soil
health, and plays an important role in ensuring food security, achieving climate neutrality and preventing biodiversity loss.
During the conducting the stationary experiment (1967–2024) on the non-fertilized irrigated variant a decrease of the
humus content in the arable and subsoil layers of the soil compared to the non-irrigated control with a traditional fertilization
system was established. The different fertilization systems — sideral, mineral, organic, organo-mineral and biological
under irrigation contributed to the improvement of the carbon balance and the increase of humus content in the arable
and subsoil layers of the soil compared to the control without fertilizers. Thus, in the soil of the 0–30 cm layer the increase
of humus content in different variants was 6.0–14.7 %, and in the 30–50 cm layer it was 4.4–22.6 %. The application of
agronomic practice of optimizing the content of humus through fertilization also affected changes in the quality of organic
matter (humus). According to the results of the spectroscopic analysis, the absorption spectra of humic substances of the
soil in the different variants of the experiment are represented by a typical sloping line. This indicates the similarity of the
structural organization of humic substances. The main changes are observed in the UV range. This is due to aromatic
structures and polyphenolic functional groups. The highest content of aromatic structures in preparations of humic
substances was found in variants with organo-mineral and mineral fertilization systems and in non-irrigated soil.
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