The action of organo-mineral microfertilizer as a way of mitigating the negative effects of herbicides on soil microorganisms

Abstract

The aim of the work was to show the possibility of reducing the negative impact of herbicides of different danger classes on the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms (microorganisms mobilizing organic and mineral forms of nitrogen, actinomycetes, oligotrophs, oligonitrophilic and associative nitrogen fixing microorganisms, microscopic fungi, microorganisms mobilizing organic and mineral forms of phosphorus) in chernozem podzolized, with the joint use of herbicides with elements of the biologicalization of agriculture. It has been established that with the help of different methods of application of organo-mineral microfertilizer (simultaneous treatment with herbicide and microfertilizer or treatment of soil with a herbicide with subsequent processing of corn microfertilizer by leaf) together with herbicides (promethrin III class of hazard and acetohlor II class of hazard), it is possible to reduce the negative influence of active substances of herbicides on soil microorganisms. It is established that for a separate application of herbicides as the stimulation of certain ecological trophic groups of microorganisms, and their inhibition occur. The application of herbicide with the active substance of promethrin causes an increase in the number of microorganisms mobilizing organic and mineral forms of nitrogen and actinomycetes, and the application of a herbicide with the active substance acetochlor causes them to decrease. In another way, herbicides affect microorganisms that mobilize organic and mineral forms of phosphorus: acetochlor stimulates the growth of the number of microorganisms in these ecologotorphic groups, and promethrin, by contrast, suppresses. Application of herbicides organomineral microfertilizers, as a rule, at the beginning of the vegetation leads to inhibition of the microflora of chernozem podzolized, but during the vegetation in these variants, there is a significant activity of the microflora. With the simultaneous use of herbicides containing acetochlor and organo-mineral microfertilizers, as well as applying a herbicide with the active substance of promethrin and the subsequent processing of microfertilizer on a corn leaf the biogenicity of Chernozem podzolized increases and the Zea mays L. yield increases, as evidenced by the calculated oligotrophic coefficients, mineralization, oligonitrophility and the microbiological transformation of the organic matter of the soil.