Evaluation of the effect of symbiotic nitrogen fixation on the yield of soybean and nitrogen state of soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/acss88-11Keywords:
chernozem typical; nitrogen; inoculation; mineral nitrogen reserves; soybean plants development; symbiotic nitrogen fixationAbstract
Under the conditions of the low-field experiment on chernozems typical low humus, it was estimated the agronomic efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation for growing soybean by comparing indicators of soil condition and morphometric characteristics of soybean plants, the seeds of which were treated with a preparation based on nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum with untreated seeds (non-inculcated). It was established that symbiotic nitrogen fixation contributes to the formation of a more powerful root system with active nodules, an increase in the growth in intensity of growth of the vegetative mass by 42 %, and an improvement in the supply of nitrogen to soybean plants, as assessed by chlorophyll content in leaves. The yield of soybean grain increases by 29 %, which, like vegetative mass and roots, contains more nitrogen and is characterized by a tendency to a decrease in the content of phosphorus and potassium. It was determined that against the background of a decrease in the ratio of secondary products to soybean grain (1.5: 1), nitrogen removal with vegetative mass (2.2 times) and grain (by 32 %) are increased. It was established that part of the biologically fixed nitrogen in the formation of the biological yield of soybean obtained on chernozem typical under the weather conditions of 2018 is 43 %, and the available soil nitrogen is 57 %. To diagnose the availability of soil with nitrogen in the aftereffect of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it is proposed to determine the «net» nitrogen-fixation by the actual reserves of mineral nitrogen under inoculated soybean (minus its reserves under non-inoculated) and by the potential amount of nitrogen that additionally comes with the total vegetative mass (by the difference between the nitrogen content of vegetative mass inoculated and non-inoculated soybean). In the weather conditions of 2018 in the typical chernozem «net» nitrogen fixation under soybean was 69 kg N/ha, of which 40 kg/ha are the reserves of mineral nitrogen in the soil and 29 kg/ha are nitrogen coming from the vegetative mass.
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