Structural and aggregate composition of typical chernozem under long-term irrigation and fertilization in vegetable and fodder rotation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/acss96-04Keywords:
soil macrostructure; irrigation; fertilizer system; field experimentAbstract
The structural and aggregate composition of the soil is one of the important indicators that determine the soil quality and affect the yield of agricultural crops. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact on the structure of typical chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) of long-term (since 1965) irrigation with suitable water for the use of soil in vegetable and fodder crop rotation. The research carried out in the stationary field experiment of the Institute of vegetable growing and melon growing of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the Kharkiv region within the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Drip irrigation has been used for the last 20 years. Changes in the parameters of the structural and aggregate composition of the soil were evaluated by comparing the current state with the state in the first rotation after the reconstruction of the experimental scheme. The reconstruction included the transformation of the crop rotation from vegetable to vegetable-forage and its saturation with perennial grasses, the use of various fertilization systems, as well as a resource-saving method of watering. It was established that in the period after the reconstruction, there were positive changes in the parameters of the structural and aggregate composition of the typical irrigated chernozem. The content of macroaggregates with an agronomically useful size (0.25–10.0 mm) in the soil increased significantly — in the arable layer (0–30 cm) of the control (non-fertilized) variant from 67.5 to 81.2 %, due to a decrease in the content of the clod fraction (> 10.0 mm), respectively, from 24.8 to 13.1 %. In the variants with different fertilization systems, the parameters of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil were better compared to the control, as evidenced by the data on the content of agronomically useful aggregates and the clod fraction, the coefficients of structure and water resistance. At the time of the study, the content of aggregates of 10-0.25 mm in size in the soil in all experimental variants was within the optimum, and the state of the soil structure assessed as excellent
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