Abstract.
In the conditions of stationary field experiments on the chernozem ordinary in the Donetsk region during nine years (1997-2005), the content of nitrates in the soil under the arable layer was monitored under the main crops of grain-spreading crop rotation in variants with different methods of soil tillage. At the same time, the annual dynamics of rainfall and air temperature were recorded. The long-term effect of the influence of meteorological factors on the formation of nitrate nutrition of plants was revealed. It is shown that the content of nitrates depends on the weather conditions not only of the current, but also of the previous two years, as well as on the method of basic soil tillage. The peculiarities of formation of the soil nitrogen regime on variants with traditional moldboard plowing, moldboardless and zero tillage were determined. It has been shown that the zero tillage maximally protects the soil from overheating and overdrying during a hot period of the year, which contributes to the preservation of a readily accessible nitrogen pool, but does not guarantee its loss reduction under low air temperatures and under the conditions of soil overmoistening in late autumn. The rate of restoration of the content of available nitrogen in the soil under zero tillage is lower, compared to plowing and moldboardless tillage, however, this difference is offset by a lower intensity of nitrogen consumption. The maximum rate of recovery of a pool of available nitrogen was stated on plowing variants, and the maximum intensity of expenditure - under moldboardless tillage. All conclusions were confirmed by the results of correlation analysis and dispersion analysis ANOVA.
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