Abstract.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of long-term research in stationary field experiments on the disclosure of the peculiarities of the participation of the soil biota in the processes of transformation of phosphorus-containing minerals of soil-forming rock and promoting the formation of secondary soil phosphates: initially mineral forms, and then, as a result of metabolism, and organic ones.
The purpose of the research is to establish the main laws of the influence of soil biota (plants, microorganisms and enzymes) on the content and distribution in the profile of various soils of gross phosphorus and its organic and mineral forms, depending on the intensity of agricultural use, on the perennial and arable lands. The research uses the results of a long-term field experiment laid out in 1969 on chernozem typical heavy-loamy, for six rotations of grain crop rotation, as well as generalized materials from field experiments on chernozems and podzolic soils and publications by other authors. As a result of the research, it was discovered that the biological factors involved in the formation of the phosphate base of soils are actively involved, with the formation of secondary phosphates in the mineral and organic forms from the primary phosphorus-containing minerals. In the process of soil formation, the phosphorus of the parent rock gradually accumulates in the soil profile due to its transfer to the upper layers of the soil.
On the example of the profile of the transitional chernozem typical, the existence of a close relationship between the content of humus and the mineral and organic forms of phosphates, as well as the growth of phosphorus content in humus in the direction from the arable layer to the parent rock, has been shown. Given the long-term extensive use of chernozem typical (without the use of fertilizers), the gross content of phosphorus and its organic forms decreases. In the background of the replacement and systematic introduction of phosphorus fertilizers, the phosphate fund of chernozem improves, and the gross phosphorus and organic phosphate content increase.
References
1. Makarov M.I. 2009. Phosphorus of organic matter. Moscow, GEOS. 397 p. (Rus.).
2. Polupan M.I., Velychko V.A. 2014. Nomenclature and diagnostics of ecology-genetic status of soils of Ukraine for their large-scale research. Kyiv.: Agrarna nauka. 494 p. (Ukr.).
3. Semenov V.M., Lebedeva T.N. 2015. A problem of carbon is in steady agriculture: agrochemical aspects. Agrokhimiia. №11. P. 3-12. (Rus.).
4. Oehl F., Frossard E., Fliessbach A., Dubois D., Oberson A. 2004. Basal organic phosphorus mineralization in soils under different farming systems. Soil Biochem. V.36. P. 667-675.
5. Nosko B.S., Medvedev V.V., Mikhnovskaya A.D., Latyshev E.P. 1977. Impact of high doses of mineral fertilizers on properties of soils and harvest of cultures. Agrokhimiia. №6. P. 31-39. (Rus.).
6. Ginzburgh K.E. 1981. Phosphorus of mane soil types of USSR. Moscow: Nauka. 242 p. (Rus.).
7. Dmitrenko P.A. 1948. About phosphorus content in organic part of soils. Pochvovedeniie. №8. P. 495-501. (Rus.).
8. Nosko B.S., Babynin V.I., Hladkikh E.Yu., Burlakova L.M. 2010. Influence of different factors and types of the soils processes on forming of phosphatic fund of soils. Visnyk agrarnoi nauky. №7. P. 17-22. (Ukr.).
9. McGill W.B., Cole C.V. 1981. Comparative aspects of cycling of organic C, N, Sand P through soil organic matter. Geoderma. 1981. Vol. 26. P. 267-286.
10. Kryvonosova G.M., Levenets P.P. 1977. Availability to the plants of phosphorus from phosphorus-organic compounds of specific and heterospecific nature. Agrochemistry and Soil Science. Collected papers. No. 33. ISSAR. Kharkiv. Pp.9-14. (Ukr.).
11. Batsula A.A., Kryvonosova G.M. 1973. Phosphorus in humic acids and fulvic acids of some soils of Ukraine. Agrokhimiia. №6. P. 24-36. (Rus.).
